Skip to main content

Table 3 Student outcomes: 0–7 month changes in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), Body Mass Index (BMI) and quality of life (QOL), by randomized treatment condition

From: Kids SIPsmartER reduces sugar-sweetened beverages among Appalachian middle-school students and their caregivers: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Variable

Sample size

Kids SIPsmartER

Control

Relative effects between conditionsb

Baselinea

7-montha

Adjusted change

baseline to 7-monthb

Baselinea

7- montha

Adjusted change

baseline to 7-monthb

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Coeff

(95% CI)

p- value

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Coeff

(95% CI)

p- value

Coeff

(95% CI)

p-

value

Effect size

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)

SSB, ounces

n = 526

29.6 (26.0)

19.8 (21.4)

-9.9

(-12.2, -7.6)

< 0.001

22.3 (19.5)

19.7 (19.3)

-2.7

(-5.4, -0.1)

0.045

-7.2

(-10.7, -3.7)

< 0.001

0.35

SSB, ounces;

baseline consumption > 8oz

n = 407

35.6 (25.5)

22.3 (22.3)

-13.5

(-16.2, -10.8)

< 0.001

29.4 (18.4)

23.8 (20.2)

-5.7

(-8.5, -2.9)

< 0.001

-7.8

(-11.8 -3.9)

< 0.001

0.38

SSB, ounces;

baseline consumption > 12oz

n = 349

39.6 (25.1)

24.2 (23.0)

-15.5

(-19.0, -12.0)

< 0.001

32.9 (17.8)

25.5 (20.9)

-7.4

(-11.2, -3.7)

< 0.001

-8.1

(-13.3 -2.9)

0.002

0.33

SSB, ounces;

baseline consumption > 24oz

n = 223

50.9 (23.9)

27.9 (24.8)

-23.0

(-27.0, -19.0)

< 0.001

42.9 (16.3)

32.8 (22.5)

-10.3

( -17.7, -2.9)

0.007

-12.7

(-21.2, -4.2)

0.003

0.45

Body Mass Index (BMI )

BMI percentile, continuous

n = 461

73.0

(27.9)

73.7 (26.9)

0.66

(-0.2, 1.6)

0.156

75.0

(25.8)

75.7 (25.2)

0.71

(-1.3, 2.7)

0.492

-0.06

(-2.3, 2.2)

0.960

0.01

BMI z-score, continuous

n = 461

0.93

(1.1)

0.95 (1.11)

0.02

(-0.01, 0.05)

0.230

0.94 (1.06)

0.98 (1.01)

0.04

(-0.03, 0.11)

0.280

-0.018

(-0.09, 0.06)

0.639

0.05

BMI z-score;

baseline SSB consumption > 8oz

n = 355

0.90

(1.14)

0.91

(1.12)

0.02

(-0.02, 0.06)

0.321

0.92

(1.10)

0.95

(1.05)

0.03

(-0.07, 0.12)

0.558

-0.008

(-0.11, 0.09)

0.879

0.02

BMI z-score;

baseline SSB consumption > 12oz

n = 306

0.89

(1.15)

0.90

(1.13)

0.02

(-0.03, 0.08)

0.364

0.94

(1.10)

0.98

(1.03)

0.04

(-0.06, 0.14)

0.419

-0.016

(-0.12, 0.09)

0.776

0.04

BMI z-score;

baseline SSB consumption > 24oz

n = 195

0.82

(1.19)

0.80

(1.17)

-0.01

(-0.09, 0.08)

0.863

0.75

(1.18)

0.86

(1.05)

0.11

(0.01, 0.22)

0.037

-0.12

(-0.26, 0.02)

0.087

0.25

Quality of life (QOL)

School-related functionc

n = 504

67.9 (17.6)

66.1 (18.8)

-1.7

(-3.9, 0.4)

0.114

67.2 (17.5)

63.4 (17.6)

-3.9

(-7.0, -0.7)

0.018

2.1

(-1.7, 6.0)

0.283

0.10

Overall health ratingd

n = 521

3.5

(0.9)

3.6

(0.9)

0.06

(0.003, 0.1)

0.041

3.7

(0.9)

3.7 (0.8)

0.03

(-0.1, 0.2)

0.636

0.031

(-0.1, 0.2)

0.673

0.04

  1. NOTE, some secondary outcomes (BMI and QOL) have reduced sample size due to missing data and outlier determination ≥ 2 × interquartile range cut-point.
  2. aMeans and Standard Deviations (SD) are not adjusted for covariates.
  3. bModels control baseline covariates including gender, race, and degree of parent involvement. The models’ standard errors are adjusted to be school-year cohort cluster robust which is reflected in the 95% confidence intervals and p-values.
  4. cUnit is percent (0-100), higher scores indicate better school-related quality of life function.
  5. dUnit is 5-point Likert Scale (1–5), higher scores indicate better self-rated health.
Back to article page

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us