Table 1 Descriptive statistics for individual- and community-level variables as well as cumulative mortality

Total

43,088

All-cause mortality

5,711

13.3%

Cardiovascular mortality

1,311

3.0%

Cancer mortality

2,349

5.5%

Participation in group sports

Zero

24,277

56.3%

A few times/year

1,505

3.5%

1–3 days/month

1,673

3.9%

1 day/week

2,601

6.0%

2–3 days/week

3,248

7.5%

≥ 4 days/week

860

2.0%

Missing

8,924

20.7%

Participation in group sports (frequently at least one day per month)

No

25,782

59.8%

Yes

8,382

19.5%

Missing

8,924

20.7%

Gender

Male

20,186

46.8%

Female

22,902

53.2%

Age (years)

65–69

12,779

29.7%

70–74

12,861

29.8%

75–79

9,616

22.3%

80–84

5,402

12.5%

≥ 85

2,430

5.6%

Marital status

Married

30,637

71.1%

Unmarried

11,752

27.3%

Missing

699

1.6%

Living alone

No

36,823

85.5%

Yes

5,581

13.0%

Missing

684

1.6%

Education (years)

≥ 13

7,824

18.2%

10–12

15,032

34.9%

< 10

19,212

44.6%

Missing

1,020

2.4%

Annual equivalent income (Yen)

≥ 4,000,000

3,975

9.2%

2,000,000–3,999,999

14,214

33.0%

< 2,000,000

19,782

45.9%

Missing

5,117

11.9%

Occupational status

Employed

8,820

20.5%

Retired

24,330

56.5%

Never employed

4,765

11.1%

Missing

5,173

12.0%

Drinking status

None

14,737

34.2%

Past

1,415

3.3%

Current

24,468

56.8%

Missing

2,468

5.7%

Smoking status

None

23,023

53.4%

Past

11,540

26.8%

Current

4,421

10.3%

Missing

4,104

9.5%

Body mass index

< 18.5

2,971

6.9%

18.5–24.9

29,306

68.0%

≥ 25

9,140

21.2%

Missing

1,671

3.9%

Disease status in treatment

Hypertension

17,126

39.7%

Stroke

516

1.2%

Heart disease

5,280

12.3%

Diabetes mellitus

5,438

12.6%

Hyperlipidemia

4,261

9.9%

Musculoskeletal disorders

6,891

16.0%

Cancer

1,913

4.4%

Missing

842

2.0%

Self-rated health

Excellent

5,144

11.9%

Good

29,598

68.7%

Poor or very poor

7,886

18.3%

Missing

460

1.1%

Depressive symptoms

No

30,349

70.4%

Yes

11,955

27.7%

Missing

784

1.8%

Instrumental activities of daily living

Good

32,720

75.9%

Poor

7,611

17.7%

Missing

2,757

6.4%

Daily walking time (minutes)

< 60

27,783

64.5%

≥ 60

12,732

29.5%

Missing

2,573

6.0%

Community-level variables

n

Total

311

Estimated group sports participation rate*

Mean (SD)

28.3%

(7.0%)

(Min–max)

(10.0–52.7%)

Population density (persons per km²of inhabitable area)

Highest quartile (≥ 10,350)

78

2nd quartile (8,190–10,349)

78

3rd quartile (5,680–8,189)

78

Lowest quartile (< 5,680)

77